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These selected questions and answers are prepared from Operating Systems Exam point of view and will also help in quick revision to get good marks in Operating Systems Examination. These questions has been prepared for the computer science graduates (B.C.A, M.C.A, B.Tech, B.E. And so.), to help them understand and revise the basic to advanced concepts related to Operating System. The technical details would surely require a detailed study, of an advanced textbook on operating systems - which, in turn, requires you to study other requisite subjects first.
IT is often at the forefront of technology innovation - but not always. When it comes to the concept of a standard desktop - every employee's core install that consists of an operating system, applications, hardware drivers and a security suite - IT has moved at a snail's pace.Charles King, an analyst with, says companies have tended to live with older software because it works well enough for their needs. Enterprises don't always ramp up to the latest releases, especially in this era of 'making do with less.' Then there are political issues, which can take the form of pushback from key end-user constituencies that want to do their own thing, and whom IT doesn't want to alienate in budget-challenged times. Plus, some people want to continue using whatever ancient software they've long since gotten used to using.
Related: But now, it seems, the snail is picking up some speed. The use of a standard desktop is becoming more of a best practice. According to a February 2010, 50% of 300 people surveyed in a large company said they will be locking down more corporate computers, not allowing end users to install their own applications.One major factor behind standardization is that security concerns are looming large. IT can make a strong case about rogue (untested) applications that can bring down the network, or vulnerabilities inherent in old software that crackers often pounce on.Then, too, the advent of is helping. More companies are using tools to create a 'gold standard' - one desktop version that gets pushed out to all end users.IT managers who are implementing a more locked-down desktop say the strategy can lead to lower costs and smoother operations. King makes a point about the 'overall fitness' of how organizations deal with software and handle operational budgets.
A standard desktop forces IT to think about deployment strategies and, if handled correctly, ultimately reduces the number of approved desktops to just one or two. Dealing with rogue employeesSome companies wrestle with the notion of standardization because they also want to allow some flexibility in how an employee does his or her job, says Pund-IT's King.
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Normalized and Standardized RoutinesWell-written SOPs explained visually through a flowchart or annotated illustrations, if needed, make it easier for employees to do their jobs. They don't have to guess how you want a task done because they can follow a procedure made easy to reference on the computer or as a printout. Through a standard routine, employees enjoy more predictability in their jobs and can hone their skills on each task to raise their overall performance. Testing and Quality ControlYour customers depend on a product or service to be of a certain minimum quality. SOPs help you reduce the errors, or variations, that occur in the mass production of a product or the duplication of a service.
For example, if you own a factory that builds toy cars, you want SOPs for quality control. You want each car model to be the equivalent of the car before it on the production line. With SOPs in place, you can use your employees and managers to discard products that fail to pass tests for quality control.
Employee Performance ManagementEstablishing SOPs throughout your organization makes it easier to conduct employee performance appraisals. Write each employee's job description as a collection of key SOPs. Give the employee a target level of outputs for each SOP in her job description. Determine her productivity on each SOP based on the corresponding level of outputs.Although an employee's performance appraisal doesn't have to include all procedures that she performs, you can select the procedures most crucial to her job or to your company's bottom line. It's also easy to compare the performance of employees who perform the same SOP as a component of their jobs. Replication and GrowthAs your organization grows, you may decide to set up different locations where employees will replicate the work processes of the original location.
Having SOPs makes it easy to replicate processes across your organization. Employees at each location can use the same operating manual to identify how to perform a standard procedure. You can also track the productivity of each site based on the levels of performance for each standard operating procedure, which is good information to have if you must scale down the organization.